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Thailand is rich in natural resources, particularly soil and water, which are
crucial for the people’s livelihoods and economic development, especially in
agriculture. However, in recent years, the country has faced severe soil and
water-related crises that have impacted agricultural production, ecosystems,
and food security.
Soil degradation has resulted from improper land use, erosion, chemical
contamination, and salinity, making farming increasingly difficult. Erosion,
especially in northern regions, affects about 35% of Thailand’s land.
Additionally, salinity in the northeast and acidity in the central region further
complicate agriculture. Chemical contamination from agriculture and
industrial waste affects over 1 million rai of land.
Floods and droughts are frequent issues, with floods damaging over 1.3 million
rai of farmland in 2021 and droughts affecting more than 8 million rai in 2020.
Water quality has also deteriorated due to pollution, with major rivers like the
Chao Phraya exceeding pollution standards by 50%.
Climate change exacerbates these challenges, with rising temperatures and
erratic rainfall intensifying natural disasters, affecting food security and
quality of life. The average temperature in Thailand has increased by 0.95°C
over the past 50 years, leading to more severe droughts and increased water
demand.
To achieve sustainable development, effective planning and management of
soil and water resources are essential. Public awareness, collaboration among
all sectors, and research and technology development are crucial to ensuring
that these resources are preserved for future generations and maintaining
food and environmental security.
